Inland vessels emission inventory: distribution and emission characteristics in the Red River, Hanoi, Vietnam

Purpose Shipping is a major source of air pollution, causing severe impacts on the environment and human health, greatly contributing to creation greenhouse gases influencing climate change. The research was investigated provide better insight into emission inventories in Red River Hanoi (Vietnam) that often heavily occupied as primary route for inner-city waterway traffic. Design/methodology/approach total emissions seven different pollutants (PM 10 , PM 2.5 SO x CO, CO 2 NO HC) were estimated using SPD-GIZ calculation model. Findings results show has most significant contribution gas volume emitted: 103.21 tons/day. Remarkably, bulk carriers are largest vehicle, accounting more than 97% emissions, due their superior number large capacity. Social implications result have roadmap making efforts fulfil its commitment so it could achieve net-zero target by 2050 Vietnam committed at COP26. Originality/value In this research, vehicles types vessels travelling flowing within territory other activity data reported. tally will be used estimate method combining both top-down bottom-up approaches.